巨细胞病毒（CMV）概述
CMV是一种双链DNA病毒，属β-疱疹病毒组。全球总体感染率为40%~100%。几乎所有成年人都曾出现过CMV感染。
CMV感染患者和无症状的隐性感染者为传染源。经日常生活亲密接触（唾液、精液、尿液、乳液和子宫颈分泌物等）或血液传播。
一旦感染则终生携带病毒，但CMV为机会致病病毒，感染后可有轻微非特异症状（发热，乏力），之后一般呈潜伏感染状态（非致病性）。在机体免疫功能紊乱时可出现CMV脑炎、CMV视网膜炎、CMV肺炎、CMV肠炎等。
An overview of cytomegalovirus (CMV)
CMV is a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the beta herpesvirus group. The global overall infection rate is 40%~100%. Almost all adults have been infected with CMV.
Patients with CMV infection and asymptomatic recessive infections are the source of infection. Through daily life intimate contact (saliva, semen, urine, latex and cervical secretions, etc.) or blood transmission.
Once infected, the virus is carried for a lifetime, but CMV is an opportunistic virus. After infection, there are slight nonspecific symptoms (fever, fatigue), and then the latent infection state (non pathogenic). In the body's immune dysfunction, CMV encephalitis, CMV retinitis, CMV pneumonia and CMV enteritis can occur.